Masses/Man: The cultural impact of World War I in Germany

The Weimar Republic was born out of Germany's defeat in World War I, and the failed Communist revolution that followed the armistice in November 1918, and collapsed with the election of the Nazi Party in 1933. This week, Juliet talks to Tom Wilkinson (author of 'Bricks and Mortals: Ten Great Buildings and the People Who Made Them') about how the war and its aftermath changed German Expressionism, gave rise to Dada and the Neue Sachlichkeit movements, and brought about the most intense reaction against modernist culture. SELECTED REFERENCES Die Aktion - http://www.dada-companion.com/journals/per_aktion.php Arbeitsrat für Kunst - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeitsrat_für_Kunst Jean (Hans) Arp Bauhaus Der Blaue Reiter - https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/d/der-blaue-reiter Bertolt Brecht ARNOLT BRONNEN, Vatermord (1922) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnolt_Bronnen Die Brücke - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Brücke The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (dir. Robert Wiene, 1920) Otto Dix - https://www.ottodix.org/ ALFRED DÖBLIN, Berlin Alexanderplatz (1928) - https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2008/01/17/the-genius-of-berlin/ Kasimir Edschmid, 'Concerning Poetic Expressionism' (1917) Max Ernst George Grosz - http://www.redflag.org.uk/frontline/nine/09grosz.html WALTER HASENCLEVER, The Son (1912) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Son_(play) GERHART HAUPTMANN, The Weavers (1899) John Heartfield - https://www.johnheartfield.com/ Emmy Hennings - http://www.dada-companion.com/hennings/ Georg Heym - https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/may/21/featuresreviews.guardianreview18 Hannah Höch - https://www.newstatesman.com/juliet-jacques/2014/01/new-woman-berlins-feminist-dadaist-pioneer-hannah-höch Richard Huelsenbeck Marcel Janco - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Janco Ernst Jünger - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Jünger GEORG KAISER, From Morning to Midnight (1916), The Coral (1917), Gas I (1918), Gas II (1920) - https://www.newstatesman.com/juliet-jacques/2013/12/morning-midnight-fiercely-anti-naturalistic-epitome-expressionist-style WASSILY KANDINSKY, Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1911) - https://www.wassilykandinsky.net/book-116.php Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Käthe Kollwitz - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Käthe_Kollwitz OSKAR KOKOSCHKA, Murderer, Hope of Woman (1909) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murderer,_the_Hope_of_Women SIEGFRIED KRACAUER, From Caligari to Hitler (1947) - https://monoskop.org/images/1/12/Kracauer_Siegfried_From_Caligari_to_Hitler_A_Psychological_History_of_the_German_Film.pdf M (dir. Fritz Lang, 1931) August Macke Thomas Mann Franz Marc Neue Jugend - http://www.dada-companion.com/journals/per_neue-jugend.php Friedrich Nietzsche - https://www.lrb.co.uk/v12/n16/jp-stern/impatience Emil Nolde Die Novembergruppe - https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/die-novembergruppe-the-november-group-1918-1934 Pandora's Box (dir. G. W. Pabst, 1928) Christian Schad - https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/christian-schad-2331 Kurt Schwitters GEORG SIMMEL, The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903) - http://www.laits.utexas.edu/berlin/pdf/scholarship/Simmel_The%20Metropolis.pdf Carl Sternheim - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sternheim August Strindberg Der Sturm - https://www.moma.org/s/ge/collection_ge/objbyppib/objbyppib_ppib-25_sov.html Sophie Taeuber-Arp - https://frieze.com/tags/sophie-tauber-arp ERNST TOLLER, Masse-Mensch (1920), Hoppla! We're Alive! (1927) - https://spartacus-educational.com/FWWtoller.htm Ferdinand Tönnies Kurt Tucholsky - https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/fabulous-tragic-kurt-tucholsky/ TRISTAN TZARA, 'Dada Manifesto' (1918) - http://writing.upenn.edu/library/Tzara_Dada-Manifesto_1918.pdf Richard Wagner Max Weber Frank Wedekind